Air conditioning apparatus for railway cars



Oct. 11, 1938. w. B. wHn'slTT 5 IR CONDITIONING APPARATUS FORV'RAILWAY CARS Filed Apri124, 1936 8 Sheets-Sheet l III lnNUlllllnUfPlll ILIIJUIII lhlIlUl I Oct. 11, 1938. l w. B. wHlTslTT 2,133,067

AIR CONDITIONING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY CARS Filed Aprilv 24, 195s e sheets-sheet 2 lvlllnmlumrLmllg ct.V 11, 1938. l w. B. wHrrsl'rT AIR CONDITIONING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY cARs Filed ApIil 24, 1936 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 Summa Oct. 11, 1938. w.v B. wHrrslTT AIR CONDITIONING APPARATUS FOR lRAILWAY CARS l Filed April 24, 19:56 a sheets-sheet 4 Oct. 11, 193.8. w. B. wHlTslTT 2,133,067

'AIR CONDITIONING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY CARS Filed April v24. 193s s sheets-sheet 5 1V l V-- Oct. 1l, 1938. w. B. wHlTslrT AIR CONDITIONING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY CARS e sheets-sheet Filed April v24, 1936 Oct. 11, 1938.

W. B. WHITSITT AIR CONDITIONING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY CARS 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed April 24, 1956 Ow wm. NAU

Oct. Il, 1938.

w. a. wHl-rsrrr AIR CONDITIONING' APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY CARS Filed April 24, 1936 8 Sheets-*Shet 8 Patented Oct. '1938.

UNITED sTA'iiasf PATENT oFFlcE war ons fwiiiiam n. vWiliam, Baltimore, Ma. Appliquees April 24, 193s. sei-m 110,115,268

1 2 claims. (cias-1 3) cooling devices is not' required, fresh outside air',

This invention relates to an airconditioning apparatus, and particularly to an all-year-round air conditioning apparatus or system for railway passenger cars. f

One'object of the invention is to provide novelv and improved means for supplying properly puriied and humidified warm airto the car during I the winter season and at such other times as when heating of thecar is required for comfort of the passengers. e f

Another object of the invention vis to .provide means fo'r supplying properly puried and de-v .humidified cool airl to the car during the summer season or at such other times or under climatic conditions requiring for the comfort of the pasature exceeds a predetermined degree, and where-3 by fresh air.- properly tempered if desired, may be supplied through the cool air duct or ducts-and the air kept inacirculation'to prevent it from stratifying until the temperature isjreducedto i Tig. 4 is a section on the line l-lof Fig.- 3a.

the predetermined degree. s

Still another object of the invention isto'prof` vide automatic means governed by temperature'v conditions in the car for-regulating the supply of warm air and cool air to the car so as to maintain a substantially constant predetermined" temperature4 within the car without the aid or intervention of the services of anyfoi the members of the train crew for such purpose.' j Still another object of the invention is to provide a novel construction and arrangement of the warm and cool air .distributing ducts whereby a4 proper and uniform distribution ofjthe air is effected through the aid of natural 'forces'. and.

whereby either warm or cool air may be furnished without material radiation or other temperature losses.

Still another object" of the invention'is to provide novel and improved means for heating `the air, for humidifying the heated air, and liorfclirectly heating the toilet compartments Voi" the yeither at outside temperature or mildly heated,

may be economically supplied to temperthe inside air in order to keep the inside'air wholesome and at a comfortable temperature.

Still another object of the invention vis to provide an all-year-round air conditioning apparatus of high efiiciency which may be installed, op-

eratedv and maintained in condition for elcient action at a comparatively low cost and in which parts of the warmand cool air supplying equipment coact under the conditions noted to enable the number of working parts to be reducedand Vthe apparatus simpliiied.

With these and other objects in view, the invenl tion consists of the features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts, hereinafter fully described-and claimed, .reference being had to rttie accompanying drawings, inwhich:

t Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a railway passenger car embodying my invention, portions of the car appearing in vertical section y Y Flg. 2 is a top plan view of the car with portions appearing in, horizontal section.

' L Fig. 3 is 'van enlarged longitudinal section v through one end of the car.

Fig. 3a -isf an enlarged longitudinal ysection, through the opposite" end of the car.

Fig. 5a is a horizontal section through the opposite end of the c'ar.

Fig'. 6 ing of the system( Fig. 'l is a sectional view showing the steam supply valve and vapor regulator, the valve appearing in'open position. Fig'. 8 is a similar view ofthe steam supply valve showing the same in cut-ot! position. l Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view of parts of the apparatus and showing the control circuits.

Fig. 10 isa fragmentary inside elevation of one of th'e warm air ducts with parts broken away and in section.

Figs. 11, 12 and 13 are sections taken on the lines II-I I, 2-'I2 and IJ-II of Fig. 10.

- 1;"Referring nowfmore particularly to thedrawings, A designates arailway passenger car vof a conventional type having a saloon or passenger compartment B,.end' vestibule s .C and C' and spaces D and D between the vestibules and ends isa diagrammatic view showing thepip- D' into an air circulating compartment E' and toilet compartment F', said compartments at each end of the car being arranged on opposite .sides of a centra! passage G forming a passageway between the enci vestibule at that end of the car and the center aisle H of the saloon B of the car. The invention is not limited in application. however, to this particular type of passenger car shown for purpose of exemplication, as it may be used with equal elciency on other types of passenger cars.

Themeans Afor supplying cool conditioned air to the car .during warni` weather periods is conventionally shcwn herein and may be of direct compressor-condenser-expander type using a hon-toxic volatile refrigerant, as disclosed in my prior application Serial No. -598,260, iledMarcn at one end hand communicating at its opposite end with an air supply conductor 3 and being provided at intervals throughout its length within the compartment-B with grilled or louvered .outlets 4 for the discharge ofthe-cool ccnditioned air into the top of the compartmentB. Each passage G is in normally open communication with theV compartment B, and the air conditioning compartment E at the end oi' the car at which the conductor 3 is 'located is in communication with the adjacent passage G (and therethrough with the compartment B),-through an air 'return or recircnlating passage 5 and grille or air inlet 5a, Located within the compartment E at that end of the'car at which Athe cenductor 3 is located is a vertically disposed air' conditioning unit resting on or supported near the door of thev compartment E comprising a casing 6 containing an air cooling coil Tinto which the refrigerant is expanded, an air inlet chamber beneath this coil, into which chamber air from the compartment E is drawn through a lter 9 which remc-Jes'foreign impurities from the air, a cocied air discharge chamber IIII- above theI coil, and an electric motor driven vsuction and discharge fan II in the chamber Ill. This fan draws air through the lter inlet 9 and over the coil 1, whereby the air is cooled and dehumidied toI the desired degree,'and then forces the-air from the chamber I0 through the conductorl 3 into the duct I for distribution through the outlets 4 into the compartment B. The system ior supplying cceled conditioned air further includes one or more air and water cooled condensers I2, a compressor I3, and neans of a suitable character for supplying cooling water to the condenser, said parts being operatively connected as shewn in my aforesaid application Serial i-o. 598,260 now Patent No. 2,046,666 issued Juiy 7, 1936 or in any other suitable manner. The position of the air conditioning uint 6 may accord, if desired, with that shown in my Patent No. 1,882,537, issued October 11, 1932. One or more axle-driven generators I4, of a type shown in my applicaticn Serial No.

584.479, filed January 2. 1932, now Patent No.

2,053,983, issued Sept. 8, i936 or of an other suitable type, may be provided for furnishing.

electric current to one or more accumulators or storage batteries l5 and to circuits in which the batteries, cempresscr and various fans of the systern are arranged for driving the compressor and fans.` These electrical appliances may also constitnte means for supplying current to the lightaieaoev i i ing system and various other electrical appurtenances of the ear. The air coclingand dehumidifying system above described is used in the summerjnionths and under climatic conditions requiritig cooling of the air in the car, the air being recirculated through the recirculating grille and y cooled and dehumidied in the cooling compartment on each `cycle of travel. ventilators l, which may lbe of either automatic orv hand operated type, are provided for discharge at proper periods of vitiated air, and a fresh air intake Il, connected with the compartment E, and which may be provided with a suitable damper or shutter and lwith a filter like the .filter 9, is provided for the entrance and mixture of ontside fresh air with 'theeirculating air to maintain the air in the car in a wholesome condition. At the point of connection of this intake il with the compartment E a small steam heater I8 may be provided to vheat the incoming fresh air when too cold for mixture at its natural temperature with the. reeirculating air. The heater I8, of course, is cut out of acti'on during the suxrnner months and at all other times when it is not required or vdesired to heat the incoming fresh air. 'I'he duct I and intake I1 are aiso employed as elements of the conditioned warm air supplying means under certain cenditions, as hereinafter described.

'I'he means for supplying conditioned warm air to the car during.v cool or cold weather comprises heater ducts I9 and V2li extending longitudinally of the compartment B in the region of the door line. Each of theseducts (Figs. 11 to 13) comprises a casingl divided by a partitie-n 2| into-an .outer air conducting chamber or channel 22 and an inner heating chamber or channel 23. Each of these ducts is closed at one end and has its air. channel connected at its opposite end with a vertical duct 24, the ducts 24 leading to theair channels or' the respective ducts I .9 and 20 being arranged in the compartments E and E' at opposite sides of the opposite endsfcf the car. Each duct 24 connects/at its upper end `with a chamber 25 having an air' inlet opening therein comforces the air Ainto the intake end of the airccnducting chamber 22 oi ,the associated longitudinal duct.

In the vertical wall portion of the partition 2| 'of each duct-I9 and 2l)l is a longitudinal air'feed slot 28 extending the full length of the duct andthrough which the air feeds from the chamber, 22

' to the chamber 23 which is provided in t'ne vertical wall vof the vduct sepa-rating it 'from the compartment B with loutlet grilles A29 arranged at 'regular intervals apart in the length of the duct. In the chamber 23 of each heater duct is a steam heating unit preierably formed of a loopedv pipe composed of an upper feed pipeor branchw30 and a lower heating pipe or branch 3l, said unit extending longitudinally within the chamber -23 and being securedtherein at intervals te brackets 32 by ant-rattler clamps 33. The upper pipe.l or branch 30 of -each heating unitis preferably.'

used'as a simple conductor-for feed of steam 7g The 'air passing from the chamber 22 to the-v chamber of each heater duct is thus heated to the desired degree by the heater unit and is discharged in a properly heated state tothe compartment B. The size of the slot 281s such that it acts as a regulator to supply to the chamber 23 air in such volume as to be heated to the rdesired degree-on its travel to the discharge grilles,

' and the slots of the respective heater ducts regu'- time there is disposed in one or both of the heatlate the volume of the air'supplied to the compartment B in amount to keep the air wholesome and the compartment at a comfortable temperature. Preferably the ends of each heating pipe loop extend into the compartments E and F or E' and F' at its side of the car. and both pipe branches at such ends of the loop are-provided; with ns 36 giving suilicientradiating surface to heat such compartments `,in cold weather to a comfortable degree, whereby asimple and economical way of heatingthesaid compartments is furnished. n Y In order to humidify the heated air in winter ing ducts a humidiiier 31 shown in detail in Figs. 10 and 11. This humidifier is controlled by `a commercial humidostat 38 located on one of the walls of the car which can be`set at a desired relative humidity, generallyv about 35%. ,The humidifier shown is of the steam actuated type, although any other suitable typeof humidifier. can be used. This humidifier comprises a brass orcopper pipe 39 in the bottom of which isv cut a slot ,40 in which is inserted and properly secured the upper edge of a depending sheet -or apron 4| of small gauge mesh screen brass or other non-rusting Wire, said pipe and yscreen be` ing arranged in the chamber or channel of the` duct in the path of the heated air flowing to the outlet grilles. When the humidostat opens to raise the humidity in the car steam from the main supply pipe 34 is blow through the slot in the pipe 39 where it immediately condensesj and the water of condensation trickles down over the fine mesh screen sheet 4|, the air flowing `Acreasing'the relative humidity. When the humidity in the compartment B exceeds the predetermined degree the humidostat closes to cut off y lthe'supply of steam to the pipe 39 until the humidity again falls below the predetermined rate.l i The steam and current supplying systems of the apparatus 'are shown in Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 9. The steam supply system includes, besides the' pipes 30, 3l, 34 and 39, a,` branch pipe 42 leading .from the pipe 34'to the heater I8, 4in which branch pipe is a controlling and' cut off valve 43, a branch pipe 44 leading to the pipe 39 and in which a cut off valve 45 for cutting the humidostat out of action for any length of time, an electromagnetically operated valve 46 controlled by the humidostat 38, electromagnetically operated valves 41, a thermostatlc vswitch 4l controlling the action of fans 21 and 21' and governing the valves 4,1 for'cuttlng on or off the supply of steam to the air heating pipes in the ducts I9 and 20 for regulation of the temperature in the compartment B when the air heating system is in use, and a regulator 49 associated with each alsace? *l valve 41 for controlling the supply of. steam thereto. As shown,.each valve 41 comprises a casing provided with chambers 5I), Il, B2, Il, the chamber I0 being of circular form` and having arrangedr therein an oscillatory rotary and partitioned valve member B4 controlling communication between said chambers. The pipe 3 0 ls connected by a branch intermediately of its length with'the valve chamber 50, while'the pipe `3| is divided into two branches Joined by a loop 56 connected by a branch 51 with the chamber 5I.. The valve member 54 is movableibetween the on position shown in Fig. 7 vand the oilv position shown in Fig. 8. The regulator 49 comprises a casing having an intake port 58 connected with the steam supply pipe ,a feed' port 59 connected by a pipe 60 with the valve chamber 52, and a return port 6I connected by a pipe 62 with the by a connection 85 to a controldiaphragm 66. When the valve member 54 is open, as shown in v Fig. '7, communication is established between'.

plpelland chambers 6I and 53 and port 6|, the

diaphragm 66 operating to hold `valve 63 open'.

so that'steam from the line 34 passes through port 59, pipe l0, chamber 52, valve 54 and branch communication is established between chambers 52. and 53 and the regulator and between co'nnection 51 and drain ychamber Il so that valve' 63 is vclosed under action of diaphragm .66V

and any waterof condensation entering chamber y 5| from the .heating pipes may discharge. In this closed position of the electromagnetically ,operated'valve occurring during thevoperation of the heating system-in cold weather, at a time when the compartment B is heated above a ,predetermined temperature. the .supply of steam to the heating pipes is cut.- oif to prevent further overheating oi' the car on the building upof a pressure more than slightly above atmospheric pressure. closed position of the valve a slight occasional movement of the-diaphragm 3.6 occurs to open the valve 63 to permit a small quantity of steamV 4to pass to the electromagnetically operated valve,

sufficient to prevent freezing thereof in cold weather if arranged in an exposed position.

The action oi' the valve 49 is controlled; as

The regulator is so constructed that in a above described, by means of the humidostat 38 arranged with the valve in a branch of one vof two electrical control circuits including the fans Il, 21 and 21'l .the arrangement being such that the fan Il may be operated with the air cooling means for summer cooling but maybe operated without the air cooling means when the air heat ing and circulating fans are cut out ofactionfor any period of time as when the compartmentB is overheated and it is desirable to .supply fresh cool airtd cool ot!- the compartment to the normal temperature desired and to freshen the'air.v I

Automatic electrical. means are, therefore. provided, set into action at proper temperatures by thermostatic switch 48 to automatically and alternately throw the fans Il and 21-21' and valves 41 into and out of action. at predetermined temperatures. The means provided' for this purv v pose comprises a circuit 81 in which the fan il.

4Closing of the circuit 61 by switch 13 will set the fan II into operation to supply cool air through the duct I into compartment B, "while movement,

of switch 13 into engagement with contacts 15 will put heater fans 21 and 21' in operation. The

4thermostatic switch 48 is controlled in action by the temperature in compartment B and includes a switch member 16 which governs the :action of switch 13 and the valve 41. This thermostatic switch member 16 is movable to engage contacts 11 to close circuit branch 69 and energizeA the magnet to move switch 13 into engagement with contacts 14, and said switch 16 is movableto engage contacts 18 to close branch 10 and energize magnet 10' to move switch 13 out of' engagement with contacts 14 and into engagement with contacts 15 and to closebranches 1I and 12 for action. The thermostat is set to engage switch member I6 with contacts 18 at all times when the temperature in compartment B is at or below* a. predetermined degree, sayvfrom 63 to '70.v

F., whereby the steam supply valves 41 are held open to supply stam to the heating pipes and the fans 21 and 21 are driven to force air to and through the ducts I9. If, however, the temperature should rise above this degree the thermostat will move switch member 16 out of engagement with contacts 18 and into engagement with contacts 11, thus closing the steam supply valves 61 '-and cutting oi the supply of steam to the heating pipes and stopping the fans 21 and 21 and deenergizing the magnet 10' and energizing the magnet 69' to throw switch 13 into engagement -with contacts i4. to close circuit 81 and start fan ii into action to supply cool fresh air through the duct i into the compartment B. When the 'temperature in the passenger compartment is reduced to the proper degree the switches are operated to throw the steam supplying means and the fans Naud 21' again into action, and to ythrow the fan It out of action, as will ybe readily understood.-

From the foregoing description, it will be seen that my invention provides an all-year-round system for cooling and otherwise conditioning and circulating the air during warm weather periods, so as to keep the temperature in the passenger compartment comfortable during such weather periods, and for warming and otherwise conditioning and circulating the air during cool or cold weather periods so as to maintain the temperature of the air in the passenger compartments at. a comfortable degree during such weather periods. The air supplied to the passenger compartment during warm weather periods is free from impurities and properly dehumidiied, while the .air supplied during cold weather periods is likewise free from impurities and humidiiled, so that at all times of the year a comfortable temperature and wholesome condition of the air may be maintained in the passenger compartment. During warm weather periods it will, of course, be understood that the cooling unit and associated parts of the cooling system .will be employed inv conjunction with the fan II to supply cool air at the proper temperaturev to the passenger compartment, while during cold weather seasons and the u'se of the air heating and distributing means, the air cooling mechanism is cut out of action with the exception of the duct I and fan II which may be employedin the manner described in connection with the duct I for keeping the air in circulation and preventing it from stratifying. In the operation of either the cool or warm air conditioning and distributing means, recirculation of the air is provided for by the provision of the recirculating grille, the lter opening 3S and the openings connecting compartment E with the passenger space and the recirculated air may be combined in the operation of either the cool air or warm air system by fresh outside air drawn in through the conductor I1 by either the fan II or the fan 21, this fresh outside air being forced with the recirculated air into the passenger compartment through the distributing ducts. If at any time the amount of fresh air drawn in with the recirculated air is not regarded as sufllcient to main` tain the purity of the air stream, vitiated air at the top of the passenger compartment may be discharged by opening the air ventilators. kIn general, however, this system ofsummer and winter air conditioning equipment ensures both circulation of the air through either the top center distributing duct or the two bottom longitudinal heating ducts without the use or necessity of operating any dampers or damper motors. Great eiilciency of operation of the system is securd by the use of natural forces in eiecting the circulation of warm and cool air,'the cool air supplied through the overhead center duct ascending by gravity and taking the place of rising warmer air, while the warm airsupplied through the heating ducts by reason of its lightness rises and quickly heats the passenger carrying space, all without the use of dampers or other means for controlling the iiow and properly distributing the air. It will be understood that a switch 19 may be provided for closing the circuit 61 independently o f the switch 13 so that the fan I I may be used alone or with the cooling means for distributing the air in warm or mild weather, and that a switch til may be provided to cut out the circuit 63 when the use of the air heating and circuiting devices is not required.

It will be understood that there are seasonal periods of mild weather or climatic conditions during which the use of the air cooling and heating units is not necessary as they are in hot weather orcold weather to keep the air in the passenger compartment at a comfortable temperature. During such mild weather periods the air in the passenger compartment may become too close and slightly too warm'or slightly too cool. It is desirable under these conditions to freshen and temper the air without, for economic and other obvious reasons, putting the air cool- -ing or air heating units into use. The ducts I without the expense or possible discomforts pro-v duced by operation of the complete cooling or l heating units.

It-will be noted that the heated air supplied to the compartment B is heated directly within a distributing duct compartment which is in direct communication through the distributing 75 time insulated from the walls of the car. By this means loss of heat by radiation to the outside of the car body is avoided. Henceeconomyin the use of the heating agent is secured and it is not necessaryA to heat the air toI an excessive degree in order to allow for radiation losses. The air introduced, in fact, is substantially of the same temperature as that in the car, assuring that the air in the car is at the intended predetermined temperature, and is therefore in a fresh and more wholesome condition than if more highly heated, requires less humidification, and is free from odors and objections incidentv to the use of highly heated air.

While in the drawings I have shown a preferred exemplification of the invention, it is to be understood thatthe invention is lnot limited thereto, as changes in the arrangement, construction, form and proportions of the parts may be made, within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of .the advantages of the invention.

1. In an. air conditioning apparatus for pas- -duct extending longitudinally of the upper portion of the passenger space of the vehicle for supplying cool air thereto, fansfor passing warm and cool air through the respective ducts, means governed-by the degree of humidity of the air in the vehicle for humidifying the air heated in the heated air supplying duct, and temperature controlled means for automatically and alter- @f the passenger space of the vehicle for supplynately cutting in and cutting out ythe warm and cool airfans for maintaining a substantially uniform degree of temperature in the passenger space. v l.

2. In an air conditioning apparatus for pas- `senger vehicles, means including a distributing duct and a circulating. fan for supplying and distributing heated air to the passenger space of the vehicle, means including a distributing duct and a circulating fan for supplying and distributing relatively cool air .to the passenger space of the vehicle, means controlled by the humidity o f the air in the passenger space for humidifying the heated air, and means governed by the temperature "of the air in the passenger space for throwing said heated air and cool, air circulating fans into and out of action to maintain a predetermined degree of temperature in said passenger space. f f f 3. In an air conditioning apparatus for passenger vehicles, a duct extending longitudinally means for automatically cutting the heat supplying means and associated forcing device into and out of action and throwing said fresh air forcing device into action when the heat supplying means and associated forcingdevice are cut out of action.

4. In an air conditioning apparatus for passenger vehicles, warm air supplying ducts extending longitudinally at opposite sides of the bottom of the passenger space vof the vehicle, a cool air Y supplying duct extending centrally and longitudinally at the top of the passenger space ofthe vehicle, air heating means disposed in at least one of said warm air `rsupplying ducts, means in said duct for humidifying the air, fans arranged at-the opposite ends of the vehicle for forcing air in opposite directions through'v the respective warm air supplying ducts, a fan located at one end of the vehicle for forcing air through the Acool `airsupplying duct, and temperature controlled means for automatically cutting the heating means and the fans associated with the warm air supplying ducts out of action when a predetermined temperature in the passenger space is exceeded and simultaneously throwing the cool air supplying fan into action, said means being operative to reverse such actions when the temperature falls to the predetermined degree.

5. In an air conditioning apparatus for passenger vehicles, a duct extending longitudinally of the bottom portion of the passenger space loi.' the vehicle for supplying heated air thereto, means for heating the air passing therethrough, means for hinnidifying the air passing therethrough, va duct extending longitudinally of the upper portion ofthe passenger space of the vehicle for supplying cool air thereto, air cooling means, means for forcing air through the warm air duct, means for forcing air cooled by the cooling means or for supplying outside atmospheric air through the'cool air duct, and temperature controlled means for automatically and altemately` cutting in and cutting out the heatingmeans and warm and cool air fans for maintaining a substantially uniform degree of temperature in the passenger space.

6. In anv air conditioning apparatus for pas- `'senger vehicles, a duct extending longitudinally of the bottom portion of the passenger space of thevehicle adjacent one of the side walls thereof for supplying heated air thereto, said duct having a `partition dividing it into an air admission compartment lying next to said side wall and a heating compartment facing the'passenger space and provided with air. outlets communicating therewith and said partition being provided with an air passage connecting said chambers, means in the air heating chamber for heating the air passing'therethrough, afan for forcing air through said duct, aduct extending longitudinally of the upper portion of the passenger space of thevehicle for supplying cool air thereto, means for cooling air to be supplied to the cool air duct, a fan for forcing air through the cool air duct, and temperature controlled means for automatically cutting on thesupplyof heating medium to the heating duct and .throwing the fan associated therewith out of action when a predeterminedtemperature is exceeded and simultaneouslyth'rowing the cool air supplying fan into action, vsaid means being 'operative to reverse such actions'when the temperature falls to the predetermined degree.

'7. In an air conditioning apparatus for passenger vehicles, warm air supplying ducts extending longitudinally at opposite sides of the bottom of the' passenger space of the vehicle, each of said ducts having a partition dividing it intov an air admission compartment lying next to said.

side wall and a heating compartment facing the passenger space and provided with air outlets communicating therewith and said partitionbeing provided with an air passage connecting said chambers, a cool air supplying duct extending centrally and longitudinally at the topv of the pasdisposed in the heating chamber of at least oneof said yvarm air supplying ducts, fans for forcing' air through the respective warm air: supplying ducts, air cooling means, a fan for forcing air cooled by said cooling means through the cool air supplying duct, and temperature controlled means for automatically cutting the heating means and the fans associated vgith the warm air supplying ducts out o faction `when a predetermined temperature in the passenger space is exceeded and simuitaneousiy throwing the cool air supplying fan into action, said means being operative to reverse such actions when the temperature falls to the predetermined degrees g Y 8. In an air conditioning apparatus for passenger vehicles,A a duct extending longitudinally of the bottom portion of thepassenger space of the vehicle for suppl-,fing heated air thereto, said duct having fan air admission chamber and an air discharge chamber separated by a partition having a longitudinal slot therein for passage ofYY air from the one chamber to the other means for heating the air passing through said iduct, means for numidifying the aid passing therethrough, a-

duct extending longitudinally of theY upper portion of the passenger-space of the vehicle for supplying cool air thereto, air cooling means, means for forcing air through said warm air duct, means for forcing fair cooled by the cooling means or for supplying outside atmospheric air through the `cooi air duct, and temperature controlled means for automatically and alternately cutting in and cutting out the heating means ansi warm VYand \coo1 air forcing means viorginaintaining a sub-l stantially uniform degree'of temperature in the,

passenger space. Y Y' 9. In an air ,conditioning apparatus for passenger vehicles, a duct extendinglongitudinally of the bottom portion of the passenger space of th vehicle for supplying heated air theretogsaid duct having an air admission chamber vertically divided to provide an air admission phamber and anair discharge chamber arranged iongitudinally of the space in parallel relation to each other and in communication witheach other, means for heating the air passing through said duct, means for humidifying the air passing therethrough, a duct extending longitudinally of the. upper portion of the passenger space of the vehicie for supplying cool airY thereto, air cooling means, means for forcing air through ,said warm air duct, means for forcing air cooled by the cooling means or for supplying outside atmospheric air through the cool air duct, :and temperature controlled means for automatically and alternately cutting in and cutting out the heating means and warm andcool air Yforcing means for maintaining a substantially uniform degree of temperature in the passenger space.

10. In an air conditioning apparatus passenger vehicles, a duct extending 'longitudinally of the bottom portion of the passenger space of the vehicle for supplying heated air thereto, said duct having an air admission chamber and an air discharge chamber separated by a partitionhav ing a longitudinal slot therein for passage of` air from the one chamber to the other, means for heating the air passing thrcngh saidduct, a meshtype humidifier inthe air admission chamber of said duct, and means for supplying' aregulated quantity of humidifying fluid to said humidifier, a duct extending longitudinally of the upper portion/of the passenger space .of the vehicie for supplying cool air thereto, air cooling Iiieans,

means for forcing air through said warm air duct, means for forcing air cooled @by the cooling means or for supplying outside atmospheric air through the cool air ductgand temperature controlled means fori-automatically and alternately cutting in and cutting out the heating means and warm and-cool airfforcing means for maintaining a substantially uniform degree of temperature in the passenger space. E;

Q11. In an air conditioning apparatus foi' passenger vehicles, a warm air distributing conductor located atgone side of the vehicle adjacent to the iioor line thereof, said conductor having agheating compartment spaced one side from the ad'- jacent side wall of the vehicle, and in communication at its opposite side with the vehicle, I

means for heating the air passing through said duct, means for dhumidifying the air .passing therethrough, a duct extending longitudinally of upper portion of the passenger space of the vehicle for supplying cool air theieto, air cooling i means, means for forcing air through said warm air duct, means for forcing air cooled by the cooling means or for supplyingf outside atmospheric air through Athe V*cool air duct, and temperature controlled means for automatically and alternatev ly cutting in and-cutting out the heating means and warm and cool air forcing means fog maintaining a substantially uniform degree of temperatureiin' thel passenger space;

l2. In an air conditioning apparatus for passenger vehicles, a Warm air distributing conductor located at one side pf the vehicle adjacent the floor linethereof, said conductor having a heating compartment at-its side facing the interior of; the vehicle and provided with distributing outlets'communicating therewith and having.

an air admission compartment communicating Vwith said heating compartmentand 4located between the saine` and the adjacent wall of-the vehicle, means for heating the airgpassing through said duct, means for humidifying the aix-,passing therethrough, a duct extending longitudinally of the upper portion of the passenger space of the vehicle for supplying cool air thereto, air coollng means, means for forcing air .through said warm air `du'ct, means for forcing air cooled bg' the cooling means or for supplying outside atmospheric air through the cool an; duct, and temperature controied means for antomatically and alternately cutting in and cutting out the heatv ing means -and warm and cool air forcing means for maintaining a substantially uniform degree of temperature-in ithe passenger space.

g- B. WHITSIT'I. g 

